مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، خرداد و تیر 1391)

Since chemokines expression is one of the most inflammatory responses to injury in the myocardium, this project was aimed to find out the pattern of expression of SDF-1 and IP-10 in dog model of experimental ischemia to extend the results of this model to clinical applications.

In this experimental study eighteen male dogs aged (6 - 12 months), were randomized in three groups. 1: infarction, Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD) was ligated. 2: sham, received the same surgical procedure, excluding LAD ligation. 3: control, was held intact in the same condition. Blood samples were harvested 24 hours before operation, at the time of ligation, 2, 24 and 72 hours and 7 and 28 days after ligation in all groups and serum level of these chemokines was measured by means of ELISA test.

In infarction group the serum level of IP-10 was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) at the 2, 24 and 72 hours after MI and reached at peak after 2 hours. In this group, serum level of SDF-1 α at 24 and 72 hours and 7 and 28 days after MI was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05). The peak of increase was seen in the 72 hours after MI.

U pregulation of angiostatic factors, such as IP-10, in the first few hours following injury may inhibit premature angiogenesis. Suppression of IP-10 synthesis during the healing phase may allow formation of the wound neovessels, whereas high plasma levels of SDF-1 α are clinically associated with start of angiogenesis activities..

Medicinal plants have many therapeutic properties including antimicrobial effects with minimum side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of alcoholic extracts of three medicinal plants; Rosmarinus officinalis، Hypericum perforatum، and Carthamus tinctorius on the growth curve of E. coli O157. This strain is one of the most dangerous bacteria among gasterointestinal pathogenic micro-organisms. Leaves and dried flowering branches of rosmary، hypericum and carthamus were used for preparing various concentrations (0. 2، 0. 3 and 0. 4 gr/ml) of alcoholic extracts. The antibacterial effects of these extracts against E. coli O157 were investigated utilizing well assay technique and spectrophotmetery. Statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance (ANOVA). At the first three hours of the experiment، alcoholic extraction of rosmary had an inhibitory effect at all three concentrations comparing to the other two extracts. The hypericum extract showed the least effect at this stage. However، after the first stage of treatment، the reverse results were observed so that E. coli O157 had the lowest growth rate at the presence of hypericum extract. Based on the findings of this study، rosmary extract had a stronger antimicrobial effect and the other two extracs did not have substantial antibacterial effect on E. coli O157 although، inhibition zones were previously determined. Further investigations in this regard may shed more light on the field of clinical applications af medicinal plants for treatment of infectious diseases.

Road traffic accident is a global problem resulting globally deaths and injuries more than 50 million person a year. this problem is more considerable in countries with low or moderate income. Motorcyclists are responsible for a considerable part of road traffic accidents and are more vulnerable. The high rate of motorcycle accidents in rafsanjan specially cause to a high rate of mortality and mobility every year too. studying on their own experiences of individuals is one approach for determining the reasons of accidents. This qualitative research carried out for achieving the reasons of motorcycle accidents in rafsanjan city.

this was a qualitative study by content analyze approach. Participants were 17 people consist of motorcycle drivers in streets، injured motorcycle drivers in hospital and their families، old car drivers، traffic wardens and nurses. Data were collected by semi organized interviews and by recording on cosset. Data were analyzed by coding categorizing.

we extracted from interviews three major them for accidents reasons: motorcycle as entertainment tool، environmental and technical factors and economical and cultural factors. Motorcycle as entertainment tool consists of minor themes: alcohol and drug abuse، racing and showing. Economical and cultural factors consist of minor themes: not adhere to laws، challenge with police، escaping of helmet and purchasing power. Environmental and technical factors consist of minor themes: ill favored climate، impaired motorcycle and neglecting motorcycles.

According to these results for decreasing the motorcycle accidents، it is necessary to do appropriate measures on creation and development suitable locations for motorcyclist entertainments، also on society culture promotion via medias and schools toward informing families and youths of accidents reasons and outcomes

Staphylococcus aureus is the positive gram coccus which is able to cause different kinds of infection in certain condition. The function of this bacteria is to provide the conditions for the invasion of it to the host with the secretion of different sorts of toxins such as entrotoxin. A and B entrotoxins have the most infections effect among these toxins. that’s why، this experiment for the has been conducted for the detection of entrotoxin genes A and B in clinical samples. This cross-sectional and descriptive study، which was conducted from September 2007 to August 2008. Two handred and forty clinical samples from wound، wound، blood، ear، nose، vomited secretions and urine were separation investigated (forty from each sample) and taken from the patients. then after the culture of the samples and conducting confirming biochemical tests، then they were assessed by Poly Chain Reaction technique. After the diagnosis of this bacteria and conducting objective test، from two hundred and forty samples examined throughout this study، fifty ones (20. 83%) were infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty seven cases (74%) of these infected samples were carrying both entrotoxin A and B genes. The frequencies of A and B genes were 11 (22%) and 2 (4%)، respectively. This study identified that 20. 83% of the patients were carrying the pathogen as the source of infection. The detection of entrotoxin A and B genes، shows the most important role they have in bringing about superinfection.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with unknown pathophysiology and a number of detrimental effects including; leave of absence، seeking for medical treatment، and a poor quality of life. We evaluated the frequency of this syndrome among students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009. In this cross-sectional study، 406 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were choosen by systematic sampling method. The collecting data tool was a self-administrated questionnaire which designed according to the RomeIII. Data were then analyzed by X2 test and t-Test. Of 274 completed and returned questionnaires، 175 (63. 9%) belonged to female and 99 (36. 1%) belonged to male with a mean age of 21. 36 ± 2. 3 years (± standard deviation). Sixteen (5. 8%) students had IBS with common symptoms of pain or abdominal discomfort associated with a change in frequency of stool (12. 4%). These symptoms were more significantly frequent in women than in men (p=0. 015). No significant differences were obseved between the other demographic variables and the frequency of IBS. The frequency of IBS was 5. 8% in this study which was comparable to those reported from the other cities of Iran (4. 2%-18. 4%) or of developed countries and it was lower than the results from the developing countries.

Computer users are susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. The association between musculoskeletal disorders especially low back pain and sitting posture in the occupational setting has been confirmed in available studies. The main aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on body posture modification and psychosocial mediating variables based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In this quasi-experimental study، 75 computer users from Qazvin university of medical sciences who spent at least 20 hours per week at a VDT were selected to receive the ergonomic intervention، and the same number of students from Qazvin international university were assigned to a control group randomly. Both groups were evaluated at the beginning of the study and at a follow-up 3 and 6 months later. The following tools were used; the Rapid upper limp Assessment (RULA) method to assess upper-extremity work-related posture، self administrated questionnaire that evaluated TPB constructs and ergo – knowledge quiz. The tool’s internal consistency reliability، Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient، test–retest reliability، content and face validity were examined. The intervention included two program elements; theory-based brochure، and personalized preventive educational counseling. Data analyzed by χ2، independent t test، repeated measure ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Total tools ’ psychometric value was acceptable. The intervention group had significantly higher scores than controls in ergo-knowledge، attitudes، perceived behavior control، intention، as well as nonneutral posture maintenance as goal behavior (P< 0. 05). At 3 and 6 months follow up، no significant differences were found between the two groups for subjective norms constructs. Intervention failed to improve RULA risk level to low and very low area (1، 2 level) and it only decreased the risk exposure to medium level. Our findings showed that the theory-based ergonomic interventions may improve work-related posture but this effect per se failed to decrease ergonomic risk factors to low level of risk exposure. The results suggest that preventive ergonomic activities would be more successful if educational intervention regarded as a part of multifaceted interventions that include at least two of the following aspects; analysis and elimination of risk factors، engineering and administrative controls.

Nowadays، the necessity of revising medical education programs towards accountability for societies’ needs are extensively considered. Given the necessity of dealing with this issue in the medical education curriculum of our country، Iran، the aim of the present article was to determine the different dimensions of socially accountable medical schools. In this review study، the Pubmed (http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed)، Google scholar (http: //scholar. google. com/) and Highwire (http: //highwire. stanford. edu/) search engines were searched using “socially”، “accountable”، “medical” and “school” as the keywords. This search strategy retrieved 13 articles. Furthermore، it was tried that by altering the search strategy plus searching the reference lists of the retrieved articles، the most relevant and up-to-date articles were determined. Findings and Evidences suggest that a social accountable medical school is a school in which educational، research، health and medical care programs are revised based on the relevant priorities of a society including health requirements and ethical guidelines. Moreover، the selection criteria of academic members and students plus appraisal programs of medical schools are done in a way that accountability in front of society is considered at the center of attention. Accountability in front of the societies'' needs is one of the most important priority in revising medical education around the word. It is necessary that this goal is also adopted by other health sciences'' schools.

The visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a syndrom observed in human infected with helminth eggs such as the Toxocara spp.، that usually infects dogs and cats. Considering the risk factors involved in the occurrence of VLM، particularly important role of these animal populations، this study was conducted to investigate the contamination rate of Toxocara SPP. eggs in the public parks of Tabriz city، Iran. Materials and Metods: In this cross-sectional study، 75 soil samples were collected from total existing public parks in Tabriz city from september 2008 to september 2009. Soil samples were collected from 4 distinct sites in the same area. The flotation material was analyzed under the light microscope. Toxocara SPP. eggs were found in 28 samples of total 300 taken samples from 75 public parks showed a contamination rate of 9. 3%. The number of observed Toxocara eggs in each microscopic field was varied from 1-7. Low rate of contamination with Toxocara SPP. eggs in Tabriz city''s parks might be due to the lower dog population and cultural differences of this city compared to other cities of the world.

Children are very sensitive against any heavy metal’s pollution in the food chain. Therefore, aggregation of high concentration of lead in their blood leads to anxiety. This study looks at lead levels in candy i chocolates and chewing gums which are subject to substantial consumption by children and to announce precautionary warnings where deemed necessary. This cross sectional study was conducted in summer 2009. Different types of candies, chocolate s and chewing gums in the city of Kerman were chosen as sample s. For this purpose, 26 types of chocolate and candy in Kerman 78 and 24 varieties of the 8 brands of gum were prepared. After preparing the samples, their lead levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometer type flame model PMQ100-X Philips was measured. Descriptive data collected were reported as mean and standard deviation. Results showed that the minimum amount of lead in samples of chocolate and candy was 3.18 µg⁄g that was related to 4 samples of candy and chocolate made in Iran named Melody milk chocolate and Aydin Caroline chocolate, Neschfi Aydin candy and Honey Akvan candy. The maximum concentration of lead was 5.22 µg⁄g that was related to the fruit sample named Anata cherry candy. The average lead in all sample of chocolate was reported at 3.318 µg⁄g. The maximum amount of lead in gum sample was 27.20 µg⁄g that was related to the one Turkish gum named Relax and the least amount of lead (3.20 µg⁄g) was related to the South Korea gumes named Banana Orion and Lotte Spout and also Iranian gum named Avijeh. The average amount of lead in the samples of gum was 4.576 µg⁄g. Since the total amount of lead in samples tested over the limit set by the Food and Drug Adminstration of America FDA (1 μg/g), it is therefore recommended that health care and more control be exercised to prevent the introduction of new products containing high lead concentration. Producers must further be made to comply with set standards and limits.